Western Societies And The Global Clothing Industry Essay

â€Å"Western societies socialise people to be excessive consumers and have materialist values.† Materialistic value orientation, or MVO, has negative effects on the well-being of one’s self and others. This has been particularly shown within Western Societies, especially in regards to fast fashion and the global clothing industry. Due to the adverse effects of MVO, many, who are aware and appear to care, have come up with various possible solutions to the problems MVO brings, some of which have been put into play. Evidence of Socialisation Western societies raise, surround and teach its people to have materialistic values and consume excessively. From a young age, children are exposed to and surrounded by the materialistic values of everyone around them, including in their own homes. They see that everyone has tvs, cars, landlines, cell phones, tablets, laptops, I-pods, closets filled with clothing and shoes. They watch and listen as people brag about having the latest trends and as whole new wardrobes are bought for the new year of school or a new outfit that is ‘definitely needed for an upcoming party’. These values are practically drilled into their psyches constantly as everywhere they go, everywhere they look various forms of advertisement work to persuade them to go shopping, causing social modelling (Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., Sheldon, K. M., 2004), (Keeley, J., 2010). Consequences of Socialisation Socialisation of materialistic values negatively affectsShow MoreRelatedThe World Wide Leading Political Ideology1170 Words   |  5 Pagesworld-wide leading political ideology, thus with it has brought about the idea of ‘western liberalism. â€Å"In the contemporary world the combination of the triumph of liberalism and globalisation has meant that cultural exchanges are occurring at extremely rapid rates and at very deep levels.†(Smith, El-Anis, Farrands 182). There was a clear split in Europe post-Cold-War, Western Europe was modernised with new technology and industries, while the East under Communism was less economically and socially developedRead MoreMacro Environment Analysis1011 Words   |  5 Pagesprotect local clothing industries from imported good through high tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. According to Jayanthakumaran (2001), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) have planned to remove the protection on Text iles, Clothing and Footwear (TCF) industries in Australia. Regarding the intense competitions over TCF industries globally, Australia and western industries did not have advantages on labor and supply. Before 1992, TCF industries benefited fromRead MoreThe Implementation Of Neoliberal Policies1334 Words   |  6 PagesFor investors in clothing retailers and manufacturers, the expiration of the MFA means good times ahead. Thirty million textile workers, on the other hand, have just been shoved off the cliff. The institutions that regulate global trade, the powerful nations that dominate them, and the corporations whose interests they promote are committed to reshaping global trade rules along neoliberal lines, even if the changes cause upheaval for tens of millions of workers worldwide. There s nothing inherentlyRead MoreGender And Bollywood Music And Film1520 Words   |  7 PagesBollywood is the Hindi language music and film industry based out of Mumbai, India. It began with the first silent film in 1913 and then escalated from there. Throughout the 1900s, Bollywood was significantly changing and growing. During the 1960s, Bollywood portrayed themes of Indian mafia and the gangster scene, and then in the 1980s and 1990s, it started to revert back to romantic themes. Although Bollywood is based in Mumbai, it is a known industry around the world. Most people have at least heardRead MoreNegatives Of Globalization1423 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization plays a defining role in the expansion of society, both politically and economically. While globalization encompasses many different sectors of daily life, the negative implications of the practice, such as exploitation of workers, damage to the environment of the host country and cultural deterioration outweigh any rewards earned through the process. The entrance of Western corporations into Eastern countries may seem to benefit both the host country and the corporation itself, howeverRead MoreOverview of Fashion and Textile Marketing2215 Words   |  9 Pagestarget consumer: 5 Part 2: Marketing Mix: 6 Product: 6 Price: 7 Promotion: 8 Place: 8 Part 3: Discussion: 9 Conclusion and Recommendations: 10 Bibliography: 12 Abstract: The fashion industry and usage of luxury products is increasing despite low economic growth and recession in global business markets. The emerging markets including China holds a potential for sales of luxury products and fashion articles. The availability of internationalbrands in china requires local brands to establishRead MoreAnalysis Of Zara s Low Cost And Direct Supply Chain System Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pageswithin its portfolio. Inditex has the â€Å"Lefties†, and â€Å"Pull Bear† brands in its business portfolio that offer unique clothing at relatively cheaper price points. The issue here is that Zara not only needs to compete with competitors such as Primark and HM, but it also has to compete with other Inditex brands which will cannibalize its own sales in global markets such as Western Europe. And understandably, shifting the pricing strategy to suit the demands of price sensitive customers will have aRead MoreFashion Changes Over Time Of Fashion1269 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesyears go on. Looking at fashion even 20 years ago we can see a difference from what we see in our everyday lives. Clothing has always been as important part of society, with evidence from the earliest human civilizations. In history, climate, religion and political factors played a role in the fabrication, styling and even color of the garments that people wore. Today, the fashion industry is multifaceted, and while climate and religion are still some factors in how we dress, there are many more influencesRead MoreThe Effect of the Second Hand Clothing Industry on the Development of Africa Economies3836 Words   |  16 PagesTowards the end of the twentieth century the western world became more aware of its responsibility to protect the earth from human waste. There are enumerable movements and organization that aim to protect the ozone, oceans, polar ice caps, air, soil and land fills. A recurring message that all organizations who work to save the earth sprea d is the need for humans to recycle. In North America items that are no longer wanted but are still useable are donated to Charitable organizations like GoodwillRead MoreImpact Of Globalization943 Words   |  4 Pagessmaller because people from all around the world are interconnect than before. Globalization is driven by a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural, and political factors. In this paper I will discuss the impact of globalization on society: at social, cultural, economic and political level. (Kivisto) (Viswanathan) (Pacific) (R.) â€Å"Can we expect a growing homogenization of culture globally- what George Ritzer (1996)† The globalization can affect people’s identities and cultural values;

Search for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes Essay

Search for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes In exploring the problem of identity in Black literature we find no simple or definite explanation. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that it is rooted in the reality of the discriminatory social system in America with its historic origins in the institution of slavery. One can discern that this slavery system imposes a double burden on the Negro through severe social and economic inequalities and through the heavy psychological consequences suffered by the Negro who is forced to play an inferior role, 1 the latter relates to the low self-estimate, feeling of helplessness and basic identity conflict. Thus, in some form or the other, every Negro American is confronted with the†¦show more content†¦His own life influenced his art. Being born in a Negro family and at a time of racial discrimination from his early childhood, he had to bear the ruthless behaviour of the whites. So, from the very beginning of his life he faced many problems viz., racial discrimination, lack o f identity in the society and no actual or practical freedom of blacks etc. All this put a remarkable impact on his mind, on his soul and made him a poet of blacks. A great votary of black art, Hughes inaugurated a distinct movement of negritude which may be regarded as the soul of Harlem. Rising from his consciousness of the colour of his skin and passing through various stages of identification with people and territory of Africa and finally grounding it in the American Past, negritude in the poetry of Hughes evolves into a definite and enduring concept expressive of definite vision.6 But he doesnt suffer from what W.E.B. DuBois terms as double consciousness - two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body.7 Langston Hughes in his essay on The Negro Artist andShow MoreRelatedThe Black Man and Langston Hughes1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe term identity is defined by Webster’s dictionary as being â€Å"the state or fact of remaining the same one or ones, as under varying aspects or conditions† however in exploring the concept of Identity in black literature, we can find no definite explanation or definition. We can try to accept that it has been rooted in social situations that are generally more discriminatory, such the institution of slavery. In some way shape or form, the average or normal African American is confronted with theRead MoreThesis: Langston Hughes and the Blues1812 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Research Outline I . Introduction Thesis Langston Hughs viewed the music of the blues and poetry as kindred forces that propelled the downtrodden blacks of the 1920s and 1930s toward a better day. II. Paragraph Two develop metaphor between constancy of blues music and ocean waves in live of black people. Quote blues poems: Weary Blues, Po Boy Blues, Homesick Blues. Relationship between the listener (the poet) and the blues musician, each coming to the same place night after night Read More`` True Freedom `` By Langston Hughes1163 Words   |  5 Pagesstanding up for beliefs. Langston Hughes, an American poet known for his writing during the Harlem Renaissance period said, â€Å"In all my life, I have never been free. I have never been able to do anything with freedom, except in the field of my writing.† (citation). As a young African American man, Hughes faced man obstacles, but writing gave him a sense of freedom of expression. His poetry reached people of various social, cultural, and racial backgrounds. Hughes’ poetry has timeless themes thatRead MoreIdentity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes2807 Words   |  12 PagesSearch for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes In exploring the problem of identity in Black literature we find no simple or definite explanation. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that it is rooted in the reality of the discriminatory social system in America with its historic origins in the institution of slavery. One can discern that this slavery system imposes a double burden on the Negro through severe social and economic inequalities and through the heavy psychological consequencesRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to construct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, drama, and music also played a role in the development of the new, urban African-American identity. Urbanization and population migration prompted large numbers of blacks to move away from the Jim Crow south, where slaveryRead More With Reference To At Least Four Different Poems, Explore How Cultural1442 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Poems, Explore How Cultural Identity Is Represented By The Various Poets The four poems I have selected to focus on all portray a cultural identity in their own unique way. Wherever I hang and The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping, are both written by Grace Nichols, a poet of Guinean background. I have also chosen to explore Dream Variation by Langston Hughes as well as Half-Caste by John Agard. I have chosen this selection of poetry because I feel that each poem has greatRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Important Period Of History958 Words   |  4 Pagesmusicians include, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Billie Holiday. It also brought in new poetry. Some famous poets include Langston Hughes, Claude Mckay, and Countee Cullen. Please consider adding the poems â€Å"I too†, â€Å"After the Winter†, and â€Å"Let America Be America Again† and a history of the Harlem Renaissance as an exhibit in your museum. The first poem you should include is â€Å"I, Too† by Langston Hughes. This poem is about a â€Å"dark brother† or a black man who was sent to eat in the kitchen. AndRead MoreEssay on The Poetry in Harlem Renaissance1981 Words   |  8 PagesBlues and Jazz were the only musical influences that impacted the Harlem Renaissance. Indeed, with the pursuit for heritage and identity, many aspects of African culture influenced Renaissance poetry musically. However, focus also needs to be placed on more controversial topics, such as religion and gender, as poets challenged oppression. When discussing the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, due to the strength of their relationship, one must look at Blues and Jazz. Many viewed this genre asRead MoreEssay Art Life of Langston Hughes5893 Words   |  24 Pagesthe fight against racism. One man used his art and the power of words to bring forth the issues of injustice suffered in America, he was Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes was a Negro Writer, born at the turn of the century in 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His ancestry included three major race groups, however, he lived and was identified as a Negro or Colored (Hughes referred to himself as colored or Negro, because those were the terms used to refer to African-Americans in this era). He spent mostRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Poetry1097 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressing through the 1920s and 30s, a section of New York City called Harlem began to be the center of a group of talented African American artists, composers, poets, and dancers. This period of time, wit h all the literary works, music, art, and poetry coming out of the Black experience, was called the New Negro Renaissance, or the Harlem Renaissance. This was a time just after World War I when there was again hope hope that Whites and Blacks could coexist and appreciate the gifts each had to give

Investigational New Drug Review Process Free Essays

INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS Investigational New Drug Review Process Prashanth Kumar Ponugoti Northeastern University INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS Abstract Investigational New Drug (IND) review process begins from the time the sponsor files investigation new drug application and the purpose of the review is to confirm the safety and efficacy of the patient for the drug. Moreover in the process of review if the review committee notifies any deficiencies by the new drug then there will be a clinical however if there are no deficiencies the drug will be approved for new drug application and will be under continuous review to make sure , that the drug does not cause any potential harm. This entire step wise process of review is explained in the following paper INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS The following flow chart gives an overview of the IND review process Applicant (Drug Sponsor) IND Review by CDER Statistical Pharmacology/ Toxicology Medical Chemistry Sponsor Submits New Data Safety Review Safety acceptable for study to proceed Clinical Hold Decision Notify Sponsor Complete reviews Reviews Complete and Acceptable? Sponsor Notified of Deficiencies No Deficiencies Study Ongoing INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS I. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigational New Drug Review Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Applicant (Drug sponsor): An applicant or the sponsor is a person or a group who takes responsibility and initiates for the investigation of new drug. A person other than an individual that uses one or more of its own employees to conduct an investigation that it has initiated is a sponsor. The sponsor may be an individual, partnership, government agency, private agency, or any other organization and moreover the sponsor does not conduct the investigation process unless the sponsor is a sponsor-investigator. The applications are submitted to Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Food and Drug Administration Document and Records Section 5901-B Ammendale Rd. Beltsville, Md. 20705-1266 II. Investigational New Drug Application: Sponsor thinks about new drug application when he has a successful results in preclinical studies (The studies conducted in animals to find the use of drug in human and ensure safety and efficacy) in other words it is the step taken after the successful preclinical studies to continue further studies that is clinical trial in humans. During the conduct of preclinical trial, step by step information of the process is recorded as data and stored. Thus stored information is helpful in filling an IND. The information is as follows A. Animal Pharmacology and toxicology studies B. Manufacturing Information C. Clinical protocols and investigators information Animal Pharmacology and toxicology studies: The studies conducted in animals to ensure the use of the product is reasonably safe for initial testing in humans. Manufacturing Humans: This is the information obtained from manufacturing, storage, composition, storage and stability, for manufacturing of drug substance and product. Clinical protocols and investigators information: protocols for proposed clinical studies to assess whether the initial-phase trials will expose subjects to unnecessary risks. Information on the qualifications of clinical investigators—professionals who oversee the administration of the experimental compound–to assess whether they are qualified to fulfill their clinical trial duties. The IND is not a marketing approval but The IND is the means through which the sponsor officially obtains this exemption from the FDA: however, its main intention is to detail the data that provide documentation that it is indeed reasonable to proceed with certain human trials with the drug. Types of INDs i. Investigator INDs ii. Emergency Use INDs and iii. Treatment IND After the submission of the IND to the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) committee it checks thoroughly the medical, chemistry, toxicological, and statistical data INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS These terms are explained below in detail III. Medical Review: Medical also called as clinical review is conducted by medical officers or physicians to ensure the initial use of the drug in patients and are safe to use . This review is also conducted by the non medical officers based upon the data available from the re clinical studies. Medical review plays a major role in new drug review process and is an initiating step for the test of the drug in humans: however it is an important step to be conducted and based upon the results obtained from the review it has a further scope to apply for next steps that is to file new drug application. During this review process the medical reviewers or physicians evaluate the clinical trial protocol for to determine A. If the participants will be protected from unnecessary risks; and B. If the study design will provide data relevant to the safety and effectiveness of the drug. However the safety of the drug is taken by the sponsor during the phase I studies but during phase II, III, and IV Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must also ensure the safety of the medicament in humans for market approval. IV. Chemistry Review: Each review committee has an chemistry review department for reviewing the chemistry of the drug and the agenda of this chemistry department is to address issues related to drug identity, manufacturing control, and analysis. The reviewing committee ensures that the investigational new drug is adequately reproducible and stable. If the drug is neither adequately reproducible nor stable then the chances of approval for IND are less because they are not sure about the drugs action in the body, and don’t know what it does. So the major purpose of chemistry review is i. To ensure that the compound is adequately reproducible ii. To ensure that the compound is adequately stable In addition to this the sponsor should discuss any manufacturing and chemistry differences between the drug product proposed for the clinical use and drug product used in animal toxicology studies. However these differences might affect the safety profile of the drug product and need to be stated if there are no differences. V. Pharmacology or Toxicology Review: This committee is a group of pharmacologists and toxicologists who evaluate the results of animal testing made during the clinical trial and compare it with the potential effects in humans. That is to ensure safety of the humans for the new drug. i. Pharmacology and Drug Distribution (21 CFR 312. 23(a)(8)(I)): This is nothing but absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug in the animals. These results should be obtained by conducting them in animals, so it should be recorded with an example. Moreover this should not be a reason for the clinical hold because these rae the studies conducted in phase one of the IND and where FDA feels it as sponsor great responsibility factor for the drug in achieving safety and efficacy to the humans. ii. Toxicology Data (21 CFR 312. 23(a)(8)(ii)(a)): INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS Toxicology data is required from both vitro and vivo studies, because particular studies depend upon nature of the drug and phase of human investigation. VI. Safety Review: After submission of the IND to the CDER then the committee takes about good 30 days to conduct review in every factor to achieve safety and efficacy and to avoid potential harm to the human. The review is an ongoing process however CDER notifies the sponsor immediately if there are any potential high risks associated with the drug upon usage in humans. If a notification is sent to sponsor then it is clear that the application is put on hold and the sponsor should conduct enough studies to clear the hold. This hold will be removed and allows the sponsor for further studies only when changes made to the clinical hold achieve the safety and efficacy and does not case potential risks. If the sponsor is not notified with any information from CDER from the day of IND submission to the 30 th day then on the 31st- day further study can be proceeded as submitted. VII. Clinical Hold Decision: The Clinical hold is issued in during the thirty day review period and this is due to the following factors 1. The drug causes potential harm to the humans 2. If drug is not having enough stability 3. The IND does not contain sufficient information required under 312. 23 to assess the risks to subjects of the proposed studies 4. The plan or protocol for the investigation is clearly deficient in design to meet its stated objectives. And CDER can hold the studies during the initial phases of the studies that is when filed for IND if observes potential risks on the data submitted initially. The Clinical hold will be removed if the sponsor addresses the issue based on the hold before the order is removed. In addition the clinical holds are reviewed by higher authorities of CDER to assure scientific quality and consistency in the Center’s clinical hold decisions. IX. Notify Sponsor: X. Sponsor Notified of Deficiencies XI. Study Ongoing Xii. Conclusion†¦.. Page 17 and page 18 lo matter unnnadhi †¦ use gooogle search for material if required and provide the refrence where ever u grab the material†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Refrences: http://www. accessdata. fda. gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch. cfm? fr=312. 42 http://www. fda. gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/CDER/ManualofPoliciesProcedures/ucm082022. pdf How to cite Investigational New Drug Review Process, Essays

Cobalt-based Hard Magnetic Films free essay sample

A highly technical paper that reviews literature on the operating procedure and magnetic properties of electrochemical deposited Co-based magnetic films. This report reviews literature on the operating procedure and magnetic properties of electrochemical deposited Co-based magnetic films. The significance and limitations of electrochemical deposit Co-based magnetic films are analyzed. Hard magnetic materials have been a focus of interest in electrical engineering for years because of their applications as media in recording and potential applications in fabricating magnetic MEMS devices due to the strong magnetic field produced by them in absence of applying magnetic field1.2. Besides the hard ferrites and Nd2Fe14 B1, Cobalt or Cobalt-RE based magnets are mostly used hard magnetic materials because of their good magnetic properties as well as their excellent mechanical properties1. Generally speaking, Cobalt based hard magnetic materials are fabricated by PVD methods such as RF sputtering or evaporation. However, it is likely to be time and money consuming to apply these procedures, especially for a relatively thick film, say, 20mm or more, is needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Cobalt-based Hard Magnetic Films or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the fabrication of the film-type magnets on silicon wafers with CMOS integrated circuits has been considered as one of the most extremely difficult tasks due to the fabrication processing incompatibility between them.